During the processing movement, wire EDM produces a large amount of frictional heat, which, if not cooled in time, can cause deformation of the wire and decrease the surface quality of the workpiece.
Pure water can effectively reduce the operating temperature of the wire, prevent deformation, increase the service life of the machine, improve the quality of the workpiece, and at the same time, carry away the heat and debris in the water, avoiding negative effects on the machine tool. Moreover, pure water contains no hardness substances or other harmful ingredients, thus preventing corrosion and accumulation of dirt on the workpiece surface and machine tool equipment. Moreover, workpieces that invade water are prone to rust, and the cut surface has an oxide layer that is very soft. The oxide layer may be worn off during use, which may affect dimensional accuracy.
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Processing in oil is more suitable for machining some hard alloy parts that require ultra-precision with accuracy up to the nanometer level. At the same time, the workpiece immersed in oil will not corrode. Although the cutting speed of the oil line is relatively slow, its accuracy and smoothness are very high, even reaching a mirror effect.（The machining precision: +/- 0.002mm, the surface roughness can reach 0.05Raμm, Rz0.1）
Typical slow wire cutting machines can use water, oil, or a combination of both. However, the price of an oil wire cutting machine is about four times that of a water wire cutting machine, so the cost of oil cutting is relatively high. They are commonly used in telecommunications, computers, electronic components, aviation, and medical devices.